My Ph.D. project intends to understand the complexity of malaria in urban settings like Accra (Ghana). Therefore, we used various including the analysis of routine epidemiological trends, exploration of the understanding of expert using system thinking and network analysis, and simulation study using both differential equations (Extend version of Kermack and McKendrick (1927) model) and partially observed Markov process to emphasized the bottleneck of the most effective control measure namely the insecticide-treated bednets.